Heavy metals: from physiological basis to psychological outcomes

Abstract

In this study we aim to examine physiological and psychological effects of heavy metals on human health. As well as trace elements have beneficial impacts on human health, they present serious problems at high concentrations. Oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cancers (Breast, prostate, lung, kidney, bone, liver cancer), several organ problems (liver fibrosis, lung inflammation, COPD), hematopoietic system damage, cardiac diseases are examples for heavy metal toxicity. Furthermore, heavy metals at elevated concentrations impact human psychology. Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism spectrum disorder, or attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder can be manifested by heavy metal toxicity. In addition, depression, anxiety, psychotic symptoms, sleep disorders, or restlessness can be present in individuals with heavy metal toxicity. In conclusion, heavy metal accumulation can lead serious physiologic and psychologic impacts on human beings.