| dc.description.abstract | In this study, our aim is to investigate several connections between anemia and psychological
parameters. Anemia is a clinically substantial and global pathology that, affecting all
demographic groups, is characterized by a decline in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration threshold,
and/or red blood cell (RBC) count physiologically normal threshold, weakens oxygen delivery
to tissues. More than 400 anemia types exist, and three reasons for anemia are thought to be
main causes of anemia which are blood loss, dysfunctional erythropoiesis, hemolysis. Anemia
manifests in several ways, such as insufficient intake of essential micronutrients, for example,
folate, cobalamin (B12), Vitamin C, Vitamin A, and especially iron. Formation of these
nutrition deficiencies with RBCs and Hb may cause the appearance of nutritional anemia.
Genetic mutations also have role in anemia’s emergence, for instance, sickle cell anemia (SCA)
occurs by an autosomal recessive mutation in the β-globin gene, or thalassemia, another
inherited disorder, presents due to mutations in α-globin genes (alpha thalassemia) and β-globin
chains (beta thalassemia). In addition to physiological manifestations of anemia, it has also been
considered to influence psychological health, with growing recognition of its role in the
development of mood disorders, cognitive decline, and overall mental well-being. Over the
years, anemia has been associated with a wide array of psychiatric diseases including
depression, and anxiety, for example, undesirable outcomes of SCA- which are pain crisis,
dissatisfaction of body, sleep disorders, have been concerned to contribute development of
depression in patients with SCA. Common symptoms of anemia, which are tiredness, lethargy,
faint feeling, headache, or shortness of breath, are also thought to, affecting daily life, be
promoters of a variety of psychological matters. Anemia, also associated with cognitive
impairment, such as worsening memory, lack of attention, or decreased psychomotor speed,
which were also concerned to contribute to development of depression. Role of nutritional
deficiencies on mental have been repeatedly mentioned. Crucial role of iron on mood regulation
affecting neurotransmitter metabolism has been consistently pointed. In addition to
deficiencies, several psychological aspects may emerge due to lack of vitamin B12, such as
anger, anxiety, or psychosis. One of the reasons for maternal depression, which has detrimental
outcomes for mothers and infants, was also thought to be anemia. Perinatal populations show a
consistent clinical signal: a systematic review and meta-analysis reports higher odds of maternal
depressive symptoms when anemia is present during pregnancy or postpartum, underscoring the need to co-manage hematologic status in obstetric mental-health pathways. Besides mood
disorders, contemporary evidence supports a bi-directional model linking anemia and
psychological distress. Inflammatory signaling particularly interleukin-6 riven hepcidin
induction limits iron export via ferroportin, sustaining iron-restricted erythropoiesis;
reciprocally, anemia-related fatigue, sleep fragmentation, and activity restriction can amplify
distress and reduce self-care, maintaining a feedback loop. This physiology helps explain why
psychological symptoms may persist even with mild hematologic abnormalities and motivates
integrated screening. In conclusion, these days that prevalence of anemia progressively
increases, it is important to have knowledge about connection between anemia and
psychological parameters. Therefore, for future studies, further investigations into anemia and
its psychological outcomes should be conducted. | en_US |
