Effects of virtual reality on fear of birth, length of labor, and fetal well-being: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives: The use of technological methods in childbirth is becoming increasingly common. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) glasses on fear of childbirth, duration of labor, and fetal well-being in women undergoing term vaginal delivery. Methods: This single-blind randomized controlled trial included 144 pregnant women, equally divided into VR and control groups, stratified by parity. The intervention group watched nature videos via VR glasses in two sessions during the active phase of labor. Data were collected using clinical record forms, a nonstress test (NST) monitoring form, and the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ-A/B). Results: The use of VR significantly reduced fear of childbirth and shortened the active phase of labor among both primiparous and multiparous women (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the total duration of labor or other phases. While significant differences were observed in fetal movements and accelerations between groups, no clinically adverse effects on fetal well-being were reported. No side effects or complications related to the VR intervention were observed. Conclusions: VR appears to be a safe and effective nonpharmacological method to reduce childbirth fear and shorten the active phase of labor. Further studies are recommended to confirm its effects on labor physiology and neonatal outcomes.