http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/362 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:43:32 GMT 2026-04-05T20:43:32Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/2118 A novel qualitative risk assessment using the interval-valued spherical fuzzy extension of TOPSIS method: a case study in rail transit systems Ak, Muhammet Fatih; Demir, Emre This article introduces an innovative approach for risk assessment in rail transit systems, addressing the limitations of traditional methodologies. Our proposed method combines the modified Fine–Kinney approach with the interval-valued spherical fuzzy extension of the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (IVSF-TOPSIS). By leveraging interval-valued fuzzy sets and spherical fuzzy sets, we capture nuanced uncertainties more effectively. This study differs from previous risk assessment methods by integrating IVSF sets into Fine–Kinney methodologies. Unlike traditional methods, our approach integrates IVSF sets to enhance the handling of uncertainty, resulting in a more comprehensive risk assessment. The proposed model includes parameters such as cost, preventability, and personal protective use, alongside severity, probability, and frequency. This inclusion, alongside expert opinions, enriches the analysis and ensures a more realistic risk evaluation. Applied to the Antalya rail transit (ANTRAY) system in Turkey, the study demonstrates the method’s applicability through a comprehensive case study. Four experts with extensive field and academic experience in rail transit systems and risk analysis contributed their evaluations, ensuring the thoroughness and accuracy of the results. Limited experts’ input yields consistent and high-correlation findings, enhancing result validity and applicability. Eight most exposed hazard groups, analyzed in this study, aid in producing applicable solutions for risk mitigation. The outcomes provide a prioritized list of risks and actionable insights for managing these risks effectively. By combining quantitative and qualitative data through intervalvalued fuzzy sets, our approach bridges the gap between different types of information, resulting in a holistic and reliable risk assessment. Consequently, our novel methodology not only overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches but also offers a practical and comprehensive framework for decision making. By providing a clearer understanding of uncertainties and their impacts, our approach contributes to safer and more efficient rail transit operations. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/2118 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/2117 Pythagorean fuzzy based AHP-VIKOR integration to assess rail transportation systems in Turkey Demir, Emre; Ak, Muhammet Fatih; Sarı, Kaan Rail transit systems, one of the important public transportation (PT) systems, are widespread in large cities to satisfy passengers or commuters for their daily trips. However, rail transportation (RT) investments are costly, and the budgets are minimal. Thus assessing RT systems in big cities play a crucial role in deciding on the best RT investment. In this study, for the first time, a two-stage fuzzy set is used among the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) studies in the area of transportation. The proposed method is a unique technique integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) techniques with an extension of Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In this manner, datasets from the observations of three rail lines in Antalya, one of the largest cities in Turkey, are applied to the proposed method. Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), a commonly used MCDM method, is used to weighting four main criteria and thirteen sub-factors. AHP is strengthened by interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (IVPFNs). The Fuzzy VIKOR (FVIKOR) approach is then applied for the prioritization of three rail line alternatives. Results are achieved by analyzing not only real RT service observations, also actual RT expenditures or costs. Consequently, the uncertainty in results is thus minimized. Outcomes of the case study reveal the most serviceable RT line in the city evaluating the main criteria, namely economy, comfort, environment, and safety. Therefore, the proposed approach methodologically contributes to adopting a new insight into the integration of MCDM methods with fuzzy set. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/2117 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/1881 Investigating remote working spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic Sarı, Ramazan; Çalışkan, Ekrem Bahadır; Ak, Muhammet Fatih The business world has experienced a pandemic for three years, affecting the workforce's productivity and efficiency. Since workers' well-being and satisfaction are crucial to effective workforce management, organizations and authorities make the employee's well-being and satisfaction the primary target to be achieved even in the post-pandemic period. Many countries and organizations have developed strategies to meet the emerging requirements of the business world. Like other countries, many of the workgroups in Türkiye were also forced to adopt working-from-home (WFH) practices. Although a substantial number of research studies were conducted for investigating well-being and productivity, there is still a need for empirical studies investigating WFH satisfaction and the well-being of workers to be used as a reference and guide for research. A survey was designed and implemented among employees from Türkiye to inspect and measure negative and positive relations between the physical work environment, well-being, and satisfaction of WFH workers. Regarding the range of participants, the survey results could be generalized to illustrate challenges, conditions, and aspects of working-from-home practices in Türkiye to define remote working spaces.; İş dünyası üç yıldır süren bir pandemi deneyimi yaşadı ve bu durum işgücünün verimliliği ve etkinliği üzerinde etkili oldu. Çalışanları refahı ve memnuniyeti etkili işgücü yönetimi için önemli olduğundan, kuruluşlar ve yetkililer, çalışanların refahını ve memnuniyetini pandemic sonrası dönemde bile ulaşılması gereken birincil hedef olarak belirlemektedir. Birçok ülke ve kuruluş, iş dünyasının ortaya çıkan gereksinimlerini karşılamak için stratejiler geliştirmiştir. Diğer ülkeler gibi, Türkiye'deki birçok çalışma grubu da evden çalışma uygulamalarını benimsemek zorunda kalmıştır. Performans, refah ve verimlilki konusunda önemli sayıda araştırma yapılmış olmasına rağmen, çalışanların evden çalışma memnuniyeti ve refahını inceleyen ampirik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu tür çalışmalar, referans ve araştırma rehberi olarak kullanılmak üzere Türkiye’deki çalışanların evden çalışma memnuniyeti ve refahını incelemek ve ölçmek için bir anket tasarlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar aralığı açısından, anket sonuçları, zorlukları, koşulları ve evden çalışma uygulamalarının yönlerini belirlemek için genelleştirilebilir ve Türkiye'deki uzaktan çalışma alanlarını tanımlayabilir. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/1881 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/1856 Nigerian immigration to Canada: the case of Calgary Ochi, Walter Stephan Ikechukwu Several governments so far have exploited immigration to fill workforce shortages in numerous professions in their countries. Migration, particularly from underdeveloped to developed countries, has been heavily restricted in order to admit applicants with the required expertise to fulfil the needs in the labor market. This "economic pool" of "chosen" migrants accounts for about seventy percent of immigration in the Canadian case. The causes and consequences of migration, economic and rational explanations notwithstanding, cannot be fully captured without taking into consideration of the socioeconomic as well as psychological and personal factors as to why immigrants want to move. This thesis investigates the socioeconomic circumstances of the recent young migrant group from Nigeria to Calgary, Canada. Through looking into the immigrants‘ motives for migration, experiences both before and after the migration, and expectations as well as problems in Calgary, the thesis displays that migration is a multifaceted process which opens up new opportunities yet includes also insecurities for the migrants. In order to improve the insight on migrant groups‘ experiences, the thesis will conduct a qualitative methodology with interviews and interrogate whether the future prospects of the migrants continue to be promising despite certain problems.; Işgücü piyasasındaki bazı meslek kollarındaki işgücü açığını kapatmak adına çeşitli ülkelerdeki yönetimler göçten faydalanmışlardır. Göçmenlerin, özellikle az gelişmiş ülkelerden gelişmiş ülkelere göçü, işgücü ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için gerekli uzmanlığa sahip başvuru sahiplerini kabul etmek için büyük ölçüde kısıtlanmıştır. "Seçilmiş" göçmenlerden oluşan bu "ekonomik havuz", Kanada‘ya göçün yaklaşık yüzde yetmişini oluşturmaktadır. Her ne kadar ekonomik ve rasyonel açıklamalar göç olgusunun nedenleri ve sonuçları üzerinde çalışsalar da, bu yaklaşımlar göçmenlerin ülke değiştirme kararlarının altında yatan sosyoekonomik, psikolojik ve bireysel faktörleri yeterince ele almamaktadır. Bu tez, Kanada'nın Calgary kentine göç eden genç Nijeryalı göçmen grubunun sosyoekonomik koşullarını araştırarak, göçmenlerin motivasyonlarını, göçün öncesi ve sonrasındaki deneyimlerini, geleceğe dair beklentilerini ve güvenlik kaygılarını ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Göçün sadece yeni fırsatlar değil, aynı zamanda güvenlik sorunlarını da içeren çok katmanlı bir olgu olduğudan hareketle, göçmen grupların deneyimlerinin daha iyi anlaşılması için niteliksel bir metodoloji seçilmiş ve mülakat yapılan göçmen grup üyelerinin tüm sorunlara karşın iyimser bir gelecek beklentilerinin olup olmadığı sorgulanmıştır. Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/1856 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z