Frame optimization that contains highly non-linear and irregular functions and discrete design variables is one of the most challenging optimization problems. Therefore, gradient-based optimization techniques cannot be ...

In recent decades, self-compacting concrete (SCC) has gradually gained popularity based on its unique workability without any internal and external vibration. SCC development must ensure an acceptable level of balance ...

Increase in construction activities has led to rapid depletion of natural resources, particularly aggregates which are utilized in the production of concrete. At the same time, there are huge amount of solid wastes originating ...

The principle purpose of the current study is to hybridize firefly algorithm (FA) as a nature-inspired meta-heuristic developed based on the flashing patterns and biogeography-based optimization (BBO) to present a qualified ...

One of the feasible retrofitting techniques for existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures is to use Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs). On the other hand, the efficiency of the FRP jacketing strategy in rectangular RC ...