http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/561 2026-08-13T01:30:50Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/2217 Neuroimaging assessment of basal ganglia volumes in Tourette Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis Ertürk, Hanife; Ertürk, Emre; Aktepe, Evrim; Süzen, Lütfiye Bikem Introduction: An increasing number of studies indicate thatanatomical, physiological, and histological differences in the basalganglia(BG) lie in the etiology of Tourette Syndrome(TS).However, the fact that there are very few studies on the anatomyof the BG in TS, small sample sizes, and unclear information as aconsequence of these studies’ contradictory findings is asignificant gap in the scientific literature. The current systematicreview and meta-analysis were performed to examine thedifferences in BG volumes between TS and controls.Method: The protocol was registered with PROSPERO(CRD42023445845). Pertaining studies were ascertained via asearch of the published literature in academic databases. Thesoftware Comprehensive Meta-Analysis was utilised for statisticalanalysis.Results: 527 articles were reached, and after the exclusion stages, 8articles remained for the current systematic review and 7 articles forthe quantitative meta-analysis. After evaluating each component ofthe BG individually, no difference was found between the BGvolumes of controls and TS.Conclusion: The failure to discover the predicted volumedifference can be explained by either the severity of the tic or theexclusion of comorbidity. The difference in BG volume is likelyrelated to TS cases with more severe tics and severe comorbidities. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/2182 Joint of the axial skeleton Karagülle, Mehmet; Cengiz, Menekşe; Süzen, Lütfiye Bikem Özbağ, Davut 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/2181 In Vivo morphology of the sternum with emphasis on the frequency of sternal foramen Karagülle, Mehmet; Candan, Büşra; Torun, Ebru; Hizay, Arzu; Keleş Çelik, Nigar Objective To determine the incidence and morphology of the foramen in the sternum and to investigate the connection between the foramen and the types of xiphoid process terminations. Materials and Methods A total of 1600 subjects over the age of 18 were evaluated retrospectively with three-dimensional bone confguration from computed tomography. The localization, morphology of the sternal foramen, and types of xiphoid process terminations were investigated. Results A sternal foramen was found in 127 subjects, with 74 (58.3%) located in the corpus and 53 (41.7%) in the xiphoid process. The xiphoid process termination types were as follows: single in 87 subjects (68.5%), double-ended in 34 subjects (26.8%), and triple-ended in 6 subjects (4.7%). No statistically signifcant correlation was found between xiphoid process termination type and foramen localization (p=0.92, p>0.05). Conclusion The sternal foramen is of clinical important due to the important vital structures such as pericardium and pleura located posteriorly. Due to the high incidence of the sternal foramen and its morphologically large area, preliminary screening must be performed before clinical applications to the region. In addition, the sternal foramen is an important embryological variation that should be taken into consideration in terms of forensic medicine research and medical education. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12566/2180 Evaluation of anatomical and morphological characteristics of the ınfraorbital foramen Cengiz, Menekşe; Karagülle, Mehmet; Alkan, Ege; Ertürk, Hanife; Süzen, Lütfiye Bikem Objective: The infraorbital foramen is the hole on the face where the infraorbital canal, which carries the infraorbital artery, vein and nerve, opens. In our study, we aimed to investigate the infraorbital foramen, which is important in surgical procedures to be performed in the midface region, anatomically and morphometrically. Materials and Methods: In our study, 111 dry skulls and 144 hemifaces were used. The incidence and type of infraorbital foramen were classified. The incidence of accessory infraorbital foramen was investigated. The shortest distance of the infraorbital foramen to the nasal notch, infraorbital margin, alveolar juga of the canines, and the lower end of the zygomaticomaxillary suture; additionally, face width and nasal height were measured with a digital caliper. Results: As a result of the study, 69.4% of the infraorbital foramen in 144 hemifaces were oval, 15.3% were semilunar, 9% were round, and 0.7% were triangular. We did not encounter infraorbital foramen in 5.6% of the hemifaces.We found the average distance of the infraorbital foramen to the nasal notch as 15±1.9 mm, the shortest distance to the lower end of the zygomaticomaxillary suture as 25.37±2.26 mm, the distance to the infraorbital margin as 8.41±1.53 mm, and the distance to the alveolar juga of the canines as 29.79±2.9 mm. We found the mean face width to be 112.76±6.19 mm and the mean nose height to be 51.61±6.19 mm. Conclusion: The infraorbital foramen is an anatomical reference point used in oral and maxillofacial surgeries, especially for local anesthesia applications. In order to prevent nerve damage and provide reliable regional anesthesia during surgical interventions, it is important to have detailed information about the anatomical features of the infraorbital foramen. We believe that our study will provide information about the variations of the infraorbital foramen to clinicians and surgeons. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z